A photographer can control the quality of light in their images through camera settings, lighting equipment, and post-production. Exposure is critical for controlling the tonal range and mood. Getting the exposure right in-camera is ideal, as overexposure can lead to blown-out highlights. Aperture impacts depth of field and light control. A large aperture is good for low-light situations and creates a softer aesthetic, while a smaller aperture lets in less light and creates deeper shadows. White balance is crucial for achieving accurate colors. Photographers often rely on their camera’s white balance presets, but for greater control, especially in mixed lighting situations, a custom white balance can be used.
Beyond these fundamental settings, the photographer can utilize fill flash to soften shadows, even in daylight. Post-processing adjustments provide even greater control over the final image, particularly when working with RAW files, which retain more image data than JPEGs. In post-production, photographers can fine-tune exposure, contrast, white balance, and even employ advanced techniques like split toning. While not directly related to camera settings or post-production, the photographer can also use light modifiers, such as softboxes and umbrellas, to diffuse light, or grids and snoots to narrow the light beam for greater control and more defined shadows.